论文的Introduction怎么写?
一个好的Introduction应该能够回答以下问题:
为什么这个研究问题重要?
现有研究有什么不足?
我的研究将如何填补这些空白?
我的研究方法和贡献是什么?
但想写好这些并不是一件容易的事,怎么在有限的字数里回答好这些问题,并让阅读者产生兴趣,这是作者要做到的事情。
都说好的SCI论文要好会“讲故事”,那么好的引言可以说就是一段“预告片”,写好了,可以吸引更多的人继续阅读,下面是一些技巧,提供给大家参考。
一 什么才是好的引言?
l 漏斗式结构\(Funnel Structure\): 从广泛的领域背景逐渐聚焦到具体的研究问题,使读者能够逐步理解研究背景和意义。
l 引人入胜的开头\(Hook\): 用一个引人注目的事实、统计数据或问题开始论文,立即吸引读者的注意力。例如:"全球每年有超过800万人死于癌症,其中肺癌是主要杀手。"
l 戏剧性张力\(Tension\): 通过明确指出现有研究与实际需求之间的差距,建立一种"问题-解决方案"的张力,激发读者的阅读兴趣。
l 理论依据\(Theoretical Grounding\): 将您的研究置于现有理论框架中,展示您的工作如何扩展或挑战现有理论。
l 研究定位\(Positioning\): 清晰地表明您的研究在学术领域中的位置,以及与现有研究的关系。
l 简洁明了\(Conciseness\): 避免冗长的描述和不必要的细节,保持论述的精炼和集中。
l 逻辑连贯\(Logical Flow\): 确保各段之间有清晰的逻辑过渡,思路连贯。
l 引用平衡\(Citation Balance\): 合理引用关键文献,既要体现学术严谨性,又不过度堆砌文献。
二 引言都包括哪些内容
1\. 领域背景与意义 \(Background\)
目的:建立研究的宏观背景,说明研究领域的重要性。
内容要点:
介绍研究所属的学科领域
阐述该领域的重要性和社会价值
使用权威数据或引用支持您的观点
简明扼要,避免过于宽泛的陈述
示例句式:
"Over the past decade, [research field] has attracted significant attention due to..."
"[Research topic] plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as..."
2\. 研究现状与问题 \(Literature Review\)
目的:提供领域内相关研究的概述,为自己的研究建立理论基础。
内容要点:
概述该领域的研究历史与发展
介绍最新研究进展和关键成果
指出现有研究的局限性或不足
有选择性地引用关键文献,避免过多细节
示例句式:
"Previous studies have focused primarily on [aspect A], while [aspect B] remains largely unexplored."
"Although considerable progress has been made in [specific area], several challenges persist..."
3\. 研究空白与动机 \(Research Gap\)
目的:明确指出现有研究中的空白,解释为什么需要进行本研究。
内容要点:
清晰指出文献中的研究空白
解释为什么填补这一空白很重要
强调解决这一问题的潜在价值和意义
阐述自己的研究如何弥补这一空白
示例句式:
"Despite these advances, there remains a critical gap in understanding how [specific phenomenon] operates under [specific conditions]."
"To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has systematically investigated the relationship between [variable A] and [variable B]."
4\. 研究目标与方法 \(Objectives & Approach\)
目的:明确阐述研究问题和研究目标,简述研究方法。
内容要点:
清晰陈述研究问题或假设
列出具体的研究目标
简要介绍研究方法和实验设计
注意避免过于详细的方法描述\(留给Methods部分\)
示例句式:
"The aim of this study is to investigate/evaluate/analyze..."
"To address these issues, we propose a novel approach that..."
5\. 主要贡献与论文结构 \(Contributions & Organization\)
目的:概述研究的主要贡献,并介绍论文的组织结构。
内容要点:
简要列出论文的主要贡献和创新点
列出论文的组织结构,向读者预告后续内容
此部分通常为Introduction的最后一段
示例句式:
"The main contributions of this work are threefold: First,... Second,... Finally,..."
"The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes... Section 3 presents... Finally, Section 4 concludes the paper."
Introduction撰写的策略与技巧
四 引言写作的实用技巧详解
l 后写Introduction: 完成论文其他部分后再写Introduction,这样可以更准确地概述研究内容和贡献。
l 分析目标期刊: 研究目标期刊已发表文章的Introduction风格和结构,了解编辑和审稿人的期望。
l 避免过多自引: 保持客观立场,避免过多引用自己的先前工作,除非确实相关。
l 使用过渡词: 使用诸如"Furthermore"、"However"、"In addition"等过渡词,增强段落间的连贯性。
l 简化句式: 避免过于复杂的句式,确保每个句子都清晰明了,便于理解。
l 控制篇幅: Introduction通常占整篇论文的10-15%,约1-2页。避免过长或过短。
五 适用于Introduction的句式
· 当我们需要表达我们研究的问题多么多么重要的时候,可以这么写:
1\. X is fundamental to …
2\. X has a pivotal role in …
3\. X is frequently prescribed for\(常用于\) …
4\. X is fast becoming a key instrument in\(X迅速成为……的关键工具\) …
5\. X plays a vital role in the metabolism\(代谢/更替\) of …
6\. Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …\(X已经成为……的强大平台。\)
7\. X is essential for a wide range of\(广泛的\) technologies.
8\. X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …
9\. Xs are the most potent … known.\(X是已知的最有效的…\)
· 阐述过去的工作时候,可以这么写:
1\. Recent evidence suggests that \(最近的证据表明\)
2\. Extensive\(广泛的\) research has shown that …
3\. Studies of X show the importance of …
4\. It has previously been observed that …(以前已经观察到……)
5\. Several attempts have been made to …
6\. Previous research has established that\(表明\) …
7\. Previous research comparing X and Y has found …
8\. The existing body of research on X suggests that …(关于X的现有研究表明…)
9\. There is a growing body of literature that recognises …(越来越多的文献意识到……)
10\. Existing research recognises the critical role played by …(现有研究认识到……的关键作用。)
· 过去的工作存在哪些问题,可以这么写:
1\. Previous studies of X have not dealt with …
2\. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.
3\. Such expositions(解释) are unsatisfactory because they …
4\. Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
5\. Such approaches, however, have failed to address …
6\. Previous published studies are limited to(仅限于) local surveys(本地/局部 调查).
7\. Half of the studies evaluated failed to(失败/未能) specify(说明) whether …
8\. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.\(迄今为止,研究倾向于将重点放在X而不是Y上。\)
9\. Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.\(先前发表的有关X效应的研究不一致。\)
· 阐述文章motivation时,可以这么写:
1\. The specific objective\(具体目标\) of this study was to …
2\. An objective of this study was to investigate(调查) …
3\. This thesis will examine the way in which the …(本论文将探讨…)
4\. This study set out to(旨在) investigate the usefulness of …
5\. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …(本文试图解释……的发展。)
6\. This prospective study was designed to investigate the use of …(这项前瞻性研究旨在调查…的使用。)
7\. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which … and whether …(本文旨在确定……的程度以及是否……)
8\. This dissertation aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding …\(本文旨在揭示围绕……的一些奥秘。\)
9\. Drawing upon two strands of research into X, this study attempts to …\(利用对X的两部分研究,该研究试图……\)
10\. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of X …, and the effect of …(因此,本研究着手评估X…的影响以及…的影响。)
11\. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain(确定) …
12\. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …(这项研究的目的之一是评估这些因素在多大程度上……)
· 简单阐明工作怎么做的时候,可以这么说:
1\. Five works will be examined, all of which …
2\. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.(这项研究本质上是探索性和解释性的。)
3\. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …(这项研究使用定性案例研究方法来调查……)
4\. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …(定性和定量研究设计被采用以提供……)
5\. A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish …(利用一种整体方法,将X,Y和Z材质集成在一起以建立……)
6\. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …(该研究以调查的形式进行,数据通过……收集。)
7\. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …(本研究采用的方法论方法是基于……的混合方法论。)
8\. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.(定量分析和定性分析相结合,用于数据分析。)
· 自己的实验结果和贡献,可以这么夸:
1\. This is the first study to …
2\. This study provides new insights into …(这项研究为…提供了新的见解。)
3\. This work will generate fresh insight into …
4\. The study offers some important insights into …
5\. Understanding the link between X and Y will help …
6\. The importance and originality of this study are that it explores …(这项研究的重要性和独创性在于它探索……)
7\. The findings should make an important contribution to the field of ….
8\. Characterisation of X is important for our increased understanding of …(X的表征对于我们对…的进一步了解很重要。)
9\. This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …(该项目为增进对……的理解提供了重要的机会。)
10\. There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to …(该研究对以下几个重要领域做出了独特的贡献:)
The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into how …(这里介绍的实验工作提供了有关如何…的第一批调查之一。)Introduction\(引言)是SCI论文的开场白,一个精彩的引言,相当于文章成功了一半。
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一个好的Introduction应该能够回答以下问题:
为什么这个研究问题重要?
现有研究有什么不足?
我的研究将如何填补这些空白?
我的研究方法和贡献是什么?
但想写好这些并不是一件容易的事,怎么在有限的字数里回答好这些问题,并让阅读者产生兴趣,这是作者要做到的事情。
都说好的SCI论文要好会“讲故事”,那么好的引言可以说就是一段“预告片”,写好了,可以吸引更多的人继续阅读,下面是一些技巧,提供给大家参考。
一 什么才是好的引言?
l 漏斗式结构\(Funnel Structure\): 从广泛的领域背景逐渐聚焦到具体的研究问题,使读者能够逐步理解研究背景和意义。
l 引人入胜的开头\(Hook\): 用一个引人注目的事实、统计数据或问题开始论文,立即吸引读者的注意力。例如:"全球每年有超过800万人死于癌症,其中肺癌是主要杀手。"
l 戏剧性张力\(Tension\): 通过明确指出现有研究与实际需求之间的差距,建立一种"问题-解决方案"的张力,激发读者的阅读兴趣。
l 理论依据\(Theoretical Grounding\): 将您的研究置于现有理论框架中,展示您的工作如何扩展或挑战现有理论。
l 研究定位\(Positioning\): 清晰地表明您的研究在学术领域中的位置,以及与现有研究的关系。
l 简洁明了\(Conciseness\): 避免冗长的描述和不必要的细节,保持论述的精炼和集中。
l 逻辑连贯\(Logical Flow\): 确保各段之间有清晰的逻辑过渡,思路连贯。
l 引用平衡\(Citation Balance\): 合理引用关键文献,既要体现学术严谨性,又不过度堆砌文献。
二 引言都包括哪些内容
1\. 领域背景与意义 \(Background\)
目的:建立研究的宏观背景,说明研究领域的重要性。
内容要点:
介绍研究所属的学科领域
阐述该领域的重要性和社会价值
使用权威数据或引用支持您的观点
简明扼要,避免过于宽泛的陈述
示例句式:
"Over the past decade, [research field] has attracted significant attention due to..."
"[Research topic] plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as..."
2\. 研究现状与问题 \(Literature Review\)
目的:提供领域内相关研究的概述,为自己的研究建立理论基础。
内容要点:
概述该领域的研究历史与发展
介绍最新研究进展和关键成果
指出现有研究的局限性或不足
有选择性地引用关键文献,避免过多细节
示例句式:
"Previous studies have focused primarily on [aspect A], while [aspect B] remains largely unexplored."
"Although considerable progress has been made in [specific area], several challenges persist..."
3\. 研究空白与动机 \(Research Gap\)
目的:明确指出现有研究中的空白,解释为什么需要进行本研究。
内容要点:
清晰指出文献中的研究空白
解释为什么填补这一空白很重要
强调解决这一问题的潜在价值和意义
阐述自己的研究如何弥补这一空白
示例句式:
"Despite these advances, there remains a critical gap in understanding how [specific phenomenon] operates under [specific conditions]."
"To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has systematically investigated the relationship between [variable A] and [variable B]."
4\. 研究目标与方法 \(Objectives & Approach\)
目的:明确阐述研究问题和研究目标,简述研究方法。
内容要点:
清晰陈述研究问题或假设
列出具体的研究目标
简要介绍研究方法和实验设计
注意避免过于详细的方法描述\(留给Methods部分\)
示例句式:
"The aim of this study is to investigate/evaluate/analyze..."
"To address these issues, we propose a novel approach that..."
5\. 主要贡献与论文结构 \(Contributions & Organization\)
目的:概述研究的主要贡献,并介绍论文的组织结构。
内容要点:
简要列出论文的主要贡献和创新点
列出论文的组织结构,向读者预告后续内容
此部分通常为Introduction的最后一段
示例句式:
"The main contributions of this work are threefold: First,... Second,... Finally,..."
"The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes... Section 3 presents... Finally, Section 4 concludes the paper."
Introduction撰写的策略与技巧
四 引言写作的实用技巧详解
l 后写Introduction: 完成论文其他部分后再写Introduction,这样可以更准确地概述研究内容和贡献。
l 分析目标期刊: 研究目标期刊已发表文章的Introduction风格和结构,了解编辑和审稿人的期望。
l 避免过多自引: 保持客观立场,避免过多引用自己的先前工作,除非确实相关。
l 使用过渡词: 使用诸如"Furthermore"、"However"、"In addition"等过渡词,增强段落间的连贯性。
l 简化句式: 避免过于复杂的句式,确保每个句子都清晰明了,便于理解。
l 控制篇幅: Introduction通常占整篇论文的10-15%,约1-2页。避免过长或过短。
五 适用于Introduction的句式
· 当我们需要表达我们研究的问题多么多么重要的时候,可以这么写:
1\. X is fundamental to …
2\. X has a pivotal role in …
3\. X is frequently prescribed for\(常用于\) …
4\. X is fast becoming a key instrument in\(X迅速成为……的关键工具\) …
5\. X plays a vital role in the metabolism\(代谢/更替\) of …
6\. Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …\(X已经成为……的强大平台。\)
7\. X is essential for a wide range of\(广泛的\) technologies.
8\. X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …
9\. Xs are the most potent … known.\(X是已知的最有效的…\)
· 阐述过去的工作时候,可以这么写:
1\. Recent evidence suggests that \(最近的证据表明\)
2\. Extensive\(广泛的\) research has shown that …
3\. Studies of X show the importance of …
4\. It has previously been observed that …(以前已经观察到……)
5\. Several attempts have been made to …
6\. Previous research has established that\(表明\) …
7\. Previous research comparing X and Y has found …
8\. The existing body of research on X suggests that …(关于X的现有研究表明…)
9\. There is a growing body of literature that recognises …(越来越多的文献意识到……)
10\. Existing research recognises the critical role played by …(现有研究认识到……的关键作用。)
· 过去的工作存在哪些问题,可以这么写:
1\. Previous studies of X have not dealt with …
2\. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.
3\. Such expositions(解释) are unsatisfactory because they …
4\. Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
5\. Such approaches, however, have failed to address …
6\. Previous published studies are limited to(仅限于) local surveys(本地/局部 调查).
7\. Half of the studies evaluated failed to(失败/未能) specify(说明) whether …
8\. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.\(迄今为止,研究倾向于将重点放在X而不是Y上。\)
9\. Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.\(先前发表的有关X效应的研究不一致。\)
· 阐述文章motivation时,可以这么写:
1\. The specific objective\(具体目标\) of this study was to …
2\. An objective of this study was to investigate(调查) …
3\. This thesis will examine the way in which the …(本论文将探讨…)
4\. This study set out to(旨在) investigate the usefulness of …
5\. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …(本文试图解释……的发展。)
6\. This prospective study was designed to investigate the use of …(这项前瞻性研究旨在调查…的使用。)
7\. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which … and whether …(本文旨在确定……的程度以及是否……)
8\. This dissertation aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding …\(本文旨在揭示围绕……的一些奥秘。\)
9\. Drawing upon two strands of research into X, this study attempts to …\(利用对X的两部分研究,该研究试图……\)
10\. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of X …, and the effect of …(因此,本研究着手评估X…的影响以及…的影响。)
11\. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain(确定) …
12\. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …(这项研究的目的之一是评估这些因素在多大程度上……)
· 简单阐明工作怎么做的时候,可以这么说:
1\. Five works will be examined, all of which …
2\. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.(这项研究本质上是探索性和解释性的。)
3\. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …(这项研究使用定性案例研究方法来调查……)
4\. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …(定性和定量研究设计被采用以提供……)
5\. A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish …(利用一种整体方法,将X,Y和Z材质集成在一起以建立……)
6\. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …(该研究以调查的形式进行,数据通过……收集。)
7\. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …(本研究采用的方法论方法是基于……的混合方法论。)
8\. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.(定量分析和定性分析相结合,用于数据分析。)
· 自己的实验结果和贡献,可以这么夸:
1\. This is the first study to …
2\. This study provides new insights into …(这项研究为…提供了新的见解。)
3\. This work will generate fresh insight into …
4\. The study offers some important insights into …
5\. Understanding the link between X and Y will help …
6\. The importance and originality of this study are that it explores …(这项研究的重要性和独创性在于它探索……)
7\. The findings should make an important contribution to the field of ….
8\. Characterisation of X is important for our increased understanding of …(X的表征对于我们对…的进一步了解很重要。)
9\. This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …(该项目为增进对……的理解提供了重要的机会。)
10\. There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to …(该研究对以下几个重要领域做出了独特的贡献:)
The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into how …(这里介绍的实验工作提供了有关如何…的第一批调查之一。)Introduction\(引言)是SCI论文的开场白,一个精彩的引言,相当于文章成功了一半。
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